U.S. President Donald Trump has signed an executive order to grant tariff exemptions starting Monday for trading partners that strike framework deals on industrial exports such as metals, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals. The order lists over 45 categories eligible for zero import tariffs from “aligned partners” who agree to reciprocal concessions. Trump said tariff reductions depend on the “scope and economic value” of commitments and U.S. national interests. The cuts target items the U.S. cannot produce or supply in sufficient volume, including nickel, graphite, gold, pharmaceutical compounds like lidocaine, and reagents for medical tests. Allies with agreements, including Japan and the EU, will benefit, while Switzerland faces 39% tariffs on gold without a deal. The order also adds carveouts for some farm products, aircraft parts, LEDs, and magnets, while ending exemptions for certain plastics and polysilicon.