Germany’s flash composite PMI rose to 50.9 in August from 50.6, the highest since March and above market expectations of 50.2. Still, it was below the long-run 52.6 average, signaling modest growth. Manufacturing led with output at 52.6 on stronger new orders, while services stagnated at 50.1. Employment dipped, and cost pressures picked up, though overall growth remained limited.