Frankfurt's DAX closed about 0.4% down at 23,274 on Monday, in line with its European peers, as traders monitored geopolitical developments and assessed fresh business data. Some investors appear to believe there will be a limit to further escalation in conflict between the US and Iran from here, after the US launched strikes on three Iranian nuclear facilities over the weekend. On the data front, a flash PMI survey showed Germany’s private-sector momentum swung back into positive territory in June, signaling the first uptick since April. Among individual stocks, Munchener Ruck topped losses with a decline of 3.1%, followed by Sartorius (-2.5%) and Brenntag (-2.3%). German defense contractors including Renk Group, Hensoldt and Rheinmetall also posted steep declines, dropping 5.3%, 2.5% and 1%, respectively. On the flip side, RWE and Deutsche Telekom were the top gainers, adding 1.7% and 1.6%, respectively.