Frankfurt's DAX closed about 0.3% down at 23,931 on Monday, the first trading day of June, dragged by fresh trade disputes and geopolitical uncertainties. The US President Donald Trump promised to double tariffs on imported steel and aluminum, raising them from 25% to 50%, while China accused the US of breaking their trade deal in response to Trump’s earlier claims. Talks between Kyiv and Moscow ended without a ceasefire, agreeing only on a prisoner swap. Investors are now shifting their focus to the upcoming ECB meeting, where another rate cut is widely anticipated. Among single stocks, Rheinmetall and Sartorius led the losses, shedding over 3% each. Other top losers included auto stocks such as Daimler Truck Holding (-2.8%), Mercedes-Benz Group (-2.6%), BMW (-2.4%) and Porsche (-2%).