The 31 economists polled in the Livingston survey completed in December by the Philadelphia Federal Reserve Bank see the U.S. economy recovering from recession by mid-2002 and then surging in 2003. Forecasters in the survey say the economy declined 1.3% in 2H:2001 but will rebound next year, to a +1.5% real growth rate in the first half and to a +3.5% rate in the second half of 2002. Previous estimates for growth, made in June when optimism still reigned, were significantly higher. For 2003, no point estimate was given.